Critical Thinking Study Guide Study Guide Terms Antecedent The First Factor Upon Which The Studocu
If Q, then RC If P, then R This argument A) a formal fallacy B) a hypothetical syllogism 1 If P, then Q is C) both A and B D) none of the other answers Question 2 Appeal to ignorance is a fallacy of A) relevance B) weak induction C) presumption D) none of the other answersModus tollens is a deductive argument form and a rule of inference used to make conclusions of arguments and sets of arguments Modus tollens argues that if P is true then Q is also true However, P is false Therefore Q is also false
If p then q q therefore p fallacy
If p then q q therefore p fallacy-And if p then r; This is a fallacy, but not of equivocation It's the fallacy of affirming the consequent Affirming the consequent, sometimes called converse error, is, however, a formal, not an informal fallacy, committed by reasoning in the form 1If P, then Q 2Q 3Therefore, P As wiki notes, an argument of this form is invalid, ie, the conclusion can
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Affirming the Consequent (Fallacy) If P, then Q Q Therefore, P Here 'P' and 'Q' are variables In Argument A, the variable P has the value 'it's 21' and the variable Q has the value 'it's the 21st Century' In Argument B, the variable P has the value 'it's 16' and the variable Q has the value 'it's the 21st Century'This is a formal fallacy of the following fallacious form If P, then Q Not Q Therefore, not P Case Study One Some might deny the antecedent by arguing "If you work hard, you will get a good job Therefore, if you do not work hard you will not get a good job" While this seems intuitively true to some degree, this argument is fallaciousP = it rains / is raining q = the squirrels hide / are hiding ' 05Œ09, N Van Cleave 1 ∧ q) → p is sometimes called the Fallacy of the Converse, and represents an invalid argument ' 05Œ09, N Van Cleave 15 then Brad sings in the choir Therefore, Brad sings in
The fallacy can be written as the following syllogism If P, then Q (where Q entails violence or other unpleasantness) Therefore, Not P Notice that written this way, the argument is also a formal fallacy At no point is Q negated or denied Were Q to be negated in a second premise, we would have an instance of Modus TollensImplication If P then Q P A fallacy is a defect in an argument where the conclusion is not supported by the propositions Therefore if A then C All humans are animals All animals are mortal, Therefore all humans are mortal Syllogism Venn Diagrams Hypothetical Syllogism Affirming the Consequent (Fallacy) If P, then Q Q Therefore, P Here 'P' and 'Q' are variables In Argument A, the variable P has the value 'it's 21' and the variable Q has the value 'it's the 21st Century' In Argument B, the variable P has the value 'it's 16' and the variable Q has the value 'it's the 21st
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Therefore, not q—is called modus tollens a True b False This argument form known as modus tollens is valid a True b False When you read a philosophical essay, you are simply trying to glean some facts from it as you might if you were reading a science text or technical report a True If P then Q If P then R It does not at all imply that If Q then R Why?
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